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(No Model.) 4Sheets-Sheet 1. F. H. HAWKINS.

. MACHINE FOR ORNAMENTING WOOD.

No. 461,918. Patented 00t.27,1891.

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(No Model.) I 4 Sheets-Shet 2.

F. H. HAWKINS. MACHINE FOR ORNAMBNTING WOOD.

No. 4'61,9l8. Patented 0ot.2'7,1891.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3. F. H. HAWKINS. MACHINE FOR ORNAMENTINGWOOD.

No 461,918. Patented Oct. 27, 1891.

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No. 461,918. Patented Oct. 27, 1891.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERIOKII. HAlVKINS, OF NE\V YORK, N. Y.

MACHINE FOR ORNAMENTING WOOD.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent No. 461,918, dated October27,1891.

Application filed November 21, 1890. Serial No. 372,215. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK II. HAWK INS, a subject of the Queen ofGreat Britain, residing at New York, in the county of New York and Stateof New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inMachines for Ornamenting WVood, &c.; and I do declare the following tobe a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as willenable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and. usethe same.

The present invention relates to machines for embossing wood or othercompressible substances; and it is especially designed as an improvementupon the machines which form the subject-matter of earlier applicationsfiled by me on April 22, 1890, and May 13, 1890, and bearing,respectively, Serial Nos. 3a9,053 and 351,703.

The primary object I have in view is to provide a novel machine capableof a much greater range of work-such as embossing; designs on straight,round, and irregular surfaces or articles-than is possible with priormachines which have come to my knowledge.

In my improved machine I so arrange and combine the upper and lowerdie-rollers and the sliding work-bed that they can be operated in unisonand harmony, as is desirable in certain classes of work, or each die canbe disconnected from the other and be made to run separately andindependently. Thus when the machineis to be used for straight work,such as panels, moldings, and the like, the upper die can bedisconnected and the feed-rollers caused to pass the work through themachine to the lower die-roller, or vice versa; or the upper die-rollerand the feed mechanism can be thrown into gear and be made to worktogether and in unison, which is very desirable. Again, for circular orturned articles the upper die-roller can be made to operate inconnection with the lower dies or rollers, and it can be operatedindependently of the same.

To adapt the machine for embossing irregular-shaped work, such asbrackets, I employ a reciprocating bed, which operates between the upperand lower die rollers by means of a pitman connected to the drivingmechanism of the machine; or, in lieu of this pitman connection, the bedmaybe operated directly from the main feed-roller through suitablegearing. For operating on crooked work or articles of irregularlongitudinal-contour, such as chair-backs, the work can be passed byband under the upper die, which is driven or rotated positively, and theguiderollers be made to serve as a rolling bed for the work to guide thelatter under said upper die. In operating on hollow articles a solidmandrel or core is placed in the article and the connected mandrel andwork placed on the reciprocating bed, and the whole then moved under theupper die or between the upper and lower dies.

Such being an outline of the nature of the work for which my improvedmachine is de signed to accomplish, Iwill now proceed to a detaileddescription of the mechanism by which the aforesaid ends can beattained, to enable others skilled in the art to which the inventionrelates to understand the same.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a front elevation, partlyinsection, of an embossing-machine constructed in accordance with myinvention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a verticallongitudinal sectional view of the machineon the plane indicated by thedotted line or as of Fig. 1. Fig. 4: is a detail view in side elevationand transverse section of the upper and lower dierollers and the slidingbed, illustrating the method of embossing a cylindrical or turnedsurface. Fig. 5 is a sectional View on the line a e of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 isa detail plan view of the fast and loose pulleys mounted on thepower-shaft, together with belting, (to; Fig. 7 is a detail view of aportion of the gearing.

Like letters and numerals of reference denote corresponding parts in allthe figures of the drawings, referring to WhlGll.

A designates the upper die or roller, and B C are the lower rollers,which may be made to serve as the lower die-rollers or as thefeed-rollers or as a rollin bed, according to the nature of the work ormaterial to be operated on and to the method of using or manipulatingthe machine. The upper die-roller is susceptible of exerting a yieldingpressure 011 the work, or it can be fed downward in a positive manner toexert an increasing pressure on the work, and I will now proceed todescribe the mechanisms by which said yielding and increasing pressuresare secured. roller A has a suitable ornamental surface a and alongitudinal shaft 1. This shaft is journaled in depending bearings 2,which are rigid with a vertically-movable frame 3, and thismovable'frame is guided in and between the Vertical uprights 4E by meansof vertical parallel ways or flanges 5 on said uprights,

Which fit in corresponding grooves 5 in the sides of the movabledie-carryin g frame. The yielding pressure is'imparted to the die-rollerA by means of a weighted lever 6, which is fulcrumed to the base of themain frame D of the machine, and said pressure-lever is connected to thedie-carryin g frame 3 through the link or rod 7, the lever 8, which isrigid with the rocking or fulcrum shaft 9, that in turn is geared to themovable frame. The rocking shaft is journaled in bearings 10, rigid withthe uprights 4, and said shaft carries gear-segments 11, which mesh withthe vertical racks 12 in one side of the movable frame 3,-as shown. Theweight 6' is adjustable longitudinally on the lever 6 and is clampedthereto by a pin or set-screw to secure different degrees of pressure onthe dieroller A, and the movement of the diecarrying frame is regulatedby adjustably connecting the pitman 7 to the lever 8 and connecting saidlever 8 to the rocking or fulcrum shaft by the perforated plate or disk13 and the pin which passes through an aperture in said lever 8 andthrough one of the series of apertures in the disk,which is rigid withthe rocking shaft. The positive increasing pressure is imparted to thedie-roller A by the feed-screws 14 15 and the operating-shaft 16.

To adapt the feed-screws for operation with the die-roller and themovable frame thereof, I resort to the use of a sliding cross-head 17,which is fitted between the standards or uprights 4 and connected to thevertical ways 5 to be guided by the same, and to this crosshead Iconnect the vertically-movable frame 3 by means of a pin or key 18,which passes through suitable perforated lugs 19 on the slidingcross-head and the movable frame 3. The feed-screws are rotatablyjournaled or stepped at their lower ends in the sliding cross-head bymeans of suitable collars 14 and said screws operate in threadedbearings 20, which are rigidly connected with a stationary bar 20, thatis bolted to the upright standards 4 above the sliding cross-head. Theoperating-shaft 16 is arranged horizontally across the machine, and itis journaled in suitable bearings 16', that are rigidly secured to thecross-head 17, and said shaft is provided with the worm-wheels 21, whichmesh or engage with the feed-screws. .At one end of the operating-shaft16 I provide a bandwheel, and by turning this wheel the shaft is rotatedto operate both worm-wheels and the feed-screws, so that the movableframe and the die-roller can be depressed positively to exert anincreasing pressure on the work, or

. said frame and die-roller can be lifted to en- The diefrom themachine.

able the attendant to readily remove the Work The weight of the movableframe and the die-roller is counterbalanced by the drop-weights 22,suspended by cords or chains 23, that are connected to the levers 8 andwhich pass over guide-rollers 24, suitably journaled on the uprights orstandards 4.

is the main or primary bed of the machine, which is rigid With the mainframe, and on this primary bed operates the sliding bed 26, whichsliding bed is guided in its reciprocatingmovements byside waysorfianges 27, which depend from said sliding bed and operate insuitablegrooves in the primary fixed bed. In this primary bedI cut a verticalopening 28, of sufficient size to accommodate the main feed-roller 30,and the shaft of this main feed-roller is journaled in suitable bearings30 on the main frame D of the machine. The shaft 30 of said mainfeedroller 30 also carries two spur gear-wheels 31, which mesh withracks 31 on the depending side flanges of the-sliding bed, so that movedin unison therewith, and this main feed-roller is in turn operated froma counter-shaft 32, that is arranged below said roller and parallel withthe same. This counter-shaft is supported in the bearings 32, providedtherefor on the main frame D, and said counter-shat t carries twogear-wheels 33, that are adapted to be rigidly connected to said shaftby clutches 34, so that the gearwheels can be made to rotate with thecounter-shaft in order to rotate the main feedroller 30 with thegear-wheels 31, of which said gear-wheels 33 mesh, as shown. Ahandlever35 is connected to both of the clutches, which are-keyed or feathered onthe shaft 32, and the movement of the lever operates to clutch orrelease the gear-wheels 33 to or from said shaft, and said hand-lever isfulcrumed in the main frame and connected to the clutches in such manneras to avoid interfering with its free axial rotation. To the other endof the counter-shaft from the hand-lever is rigidly secured a largegear-Wheel 36, which meshes with a broad gear37 on one end of thedriving-shaft 38 of the machine, which driving-shaft is located belowthe countershaft and geared at all times theretoin order to rotate thesame. The driving-shaft is provided with the fast and loose pulleys 3940, arranged in two series, as shown, and over the loose pulleys arepassed the driving-belts 4t 42, which are adapted to hejointly shiftedto the fast pulleys 39 39 in order to drive said shaft 38 and operatethe several mechanisms connected therewith. These belts 4:1 4t2 extendto a power-shaft 45, arranged at one side of the machine beyond thevertical plane of the several mechanisms embodied therein. Saidpower-shaft has the fast and loose pulleys 46 46 to receive abelt orbelts from asuitable motor or engine or a line of shaftingfor runningthe machine, and thepower-shaft is also .as the feed-roller rotates thesliding bed is provided with a single broad pulley 47, over which runsthe two belts 41 42 for the two series of pulleys on the driving-shaft.When the machine is at rest, the two belts 41 42 from the power-shaftoperate on the loose pulleys of the driving-shaft, and when the machineis in operation one belt operates on one fast pulley and the other belton a loose pulley of the driving-shaft. The shifting of the belts fromthe loose pulleys to the fast pulleys is conveniently accomplished bymeans of the pusher-arms 49, which extend vertically between the beltsand are adapted to impinge against the same to shift the belts, andthese pusher-arms are carried by a sliding shaft 50, that is journaledbelow the belts, said armcarrying shaft being linked to anoperatingshaft 51,that has a lever 52 and atreadle 52' for readilyrocking the shaft either by hand or foot power, as is most convenient tothe operator.

In addition to operating the sliding bed from the feed-roller by theintermeshing gears, I also provide connections between the bed and thedriving mechanism, which consist of a link 51, that is pivoted to oneend of the bed and connected to a disk or wheel 52 journaled on a shortshaft 52", mounted in bearings 53, erected above the supports for thepower-shaft. This disk or wheel 52 gears with the large gear 54 on oneend of the power-shaft, and the link 51 'is connected to the disk orwheel by the rocking-bar 51 so that it can be moved nearer to or fartherfrom the axis of the wheel or disk in order to vary the length of themovement or play of the sliding bed, such connection between the bed andthe link being readily detachable in order to enable the bed to beoperated by the main feed-roller alone, as desired. The lowerdie-rollers or feed-rollers B C have their shafts b c suitably journaledin bearings 55 56, which are removably secured or bolted to the sides ofthe primary bed of the machine, and the shafts of these rollers areprovided with gear-wheels 57 58, respectively, which mesh with racks 59on the upper sides of the sliding bed, so that as the bed is operatedthe feed-rollers or lower die-rollers can be rotated positively on theiraxis. If the lower rollers are to serve in conjunction with the upperdie-roller to ornament the work, the surface of said lower rollersshould be ornamented; but if said lower rollers are to serve asfeed-rollers in order to rotate or turn a curved or turned article thesurface of the lower rollers should be smooth and plain. The lowerrollers are arranged between the upper die-roller and the sliding bed,and they can be readily removed from the machine, as their bearings aredetachably secured to the primary fixed bed, thereby enabling themachine to be properly adjusted and used for different kinds of work.

In operating on some classes of circular or turned work it may be foundnecessary to hold the work between the feed-rollers B (J,

and in this event I employ the vertical guides 60, which are fixed tothe primary bed outside of the sliding bed and between the feedrollers B0, said guides being slotted vertically, as shown by dotted lines inFigs. 4 and 5, in order to retain the work in position and at the sametime enable it to be turned or rotated properly for the die-roller A toact thereon.

I also provide mechanism for rotating the upper die-roller positively onits axis, which will now be described. At one side of the machine Iarrange a vertical shaft 61, which is journaled at its lower end in arigid bearing 62 on the main frame and near its upper end in a rigidbearing, which is removably fixed to one of the uprights or standards 4.Near the lower end of this vertical shaft is fitted a sliding oradjustable sleeve 63,which carries two bevel-gears 6t 65, one at eitherend, and said bevel-gears are adapted to separately mesh with thebeveled surface 66 on one face of a driving-pinion 67, which is looselyjournaled on a short shaft or stud 67', rigid with the main frame. Thisdriving-pinion has spur gear-teeth on its periphery to adapt it to meshwith the larger gear on the end of the counter-shaft, so that saiddriving-pinion is rotated from the driving-shaft through thecounter-shaft to rotate the vertical shaft in either direction,according as the upper or lower bevel-gears on the adjustable sleeve areengaged with the beveled surface of said. driving-pinion. The sleeve iskeyed or feathered to the vertical shaft, and to said sleeveis connectedby a swiveled joint the lever 68, by which the sleeve and its attachedgears can be adjusted. Near the upper end of the vertical shaft isarranged another beveled pinion 69, which is feathered or keyed to thevertical shaft and stepped in the movable upper bearing of said shaft,and this upper pinion 69 meshes with a similar pinion 70, rigid with oneend of a horizontal sleeve or short shaft 71, that is loosely journaledon astud 72, rigid with one of the standards or uprights of the frame.This horizontal sleeve also carries a spur-gear 73, which rotates withthe sleeve as the latter is operated from the vertical shaft, and thegear 7 3 meshes with an intermediate or counter gear 7%, which in turnoperates upon a gear-wheel 75, fixed to one end of the shaft of theupper die-roller A, thereby giving positive rotation to said upperdie-roller. Links or arms 76 77 are connected, respectively, to thehorizontal sleeve and to the shaft of the upper die-roller A, and theother ends of said links are connected together by a common bolt or pin78, on which is loosely journaled the intermediate or counter gearbetween the horizontal sleeve and the upper die-roller. To this bolt orpin is also connected the vertical rod or bar 79, which passes throughan oscillating block 80, pivoted to one of the standards 4, and on thisvertical bar is secured the stops S1 82, which operate to limit themovement or play of the bar and IIO hence the vertical movement of thedie-carrying frame and the upper die-roller.

When the machine is intended for ornamenting turned articles,I employ afalse bed 83, which is suitably secured to the top of the sliding bedand has a recess or chamber in its upper side to receive the article orwork to be operated on by the upper die-roller, as indicated in Fig. 4of the drawings.

In the accompanying drawings the machine is illustrated to indicate themanner of embossing turned or circular articles with the several partsworking in unison-that is to say, the upper die is positively rotatedand pressed down with a yielding pressure while the sliding bed is beingbrought forward by the main feed-roller, and the rollers B C are rotatedin one direction by the movement of the sliding bed.

In Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings a turned or circular piece of work 000c is shown be.- tween the upper die and the lower bearingrollers.

In Figs. 4 and 5 I have shown the process of ornamenting a turnedarticle, in which operation are employed the upper positivelydrivenroller-die, the sliding bed, and the feed-rollers B C, which rollers arespread apartor separated so as to act as the guide rollers, and a falserecessed bed is attached to the sliding bed, which is of a suitableshape to receivethe work to be o namented. As the bed is positivelymoved back and-forth the turned article on the false bed is rotatedunder the upper die and the latter is fed or moved down with anincreasing pressure by rotating the operating-shaft until the desiredeffect is produced. In this method of treating and ornamenting tlie workit may be nec essary 0r advisable to employ the vertical slotted guides.

To use the machine for ornamenting irregular-shaped work, such asbrackets, the lower feed or bearing rollers B O are removed from themachine and the sliding bed operated in conjunction with the upperdie-roller. For straight work, such as moldings, the sliding bed and therollers 13 0 should be removed and the material then pressed between theupper die-roller and the main feed-roller.

I am aware that changes in the form and proportion of parts and detailsof construction of the several mechanisms as herein shown and describedas constituting my invention can be made without departing from thespirit or sacrificing the advantages of my inventionas, for instance,the dies, the feed-roller, and the bearing and feed rollers can be madeof such size and shape as may be required to properly ornamentthevariousshaped articles which the machine is designed to operate upon;also, various sizes of gears can be used in order to rotate the upperdieroller at a proper speed suited to the size of the article to beornamented, and, further, to make the various running parts operate inunison and harmony. I therefore reserve the right to make such changesand alterations as fairly fall within the scope of my invention.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesireto secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an embossing-machine, the combination of a main frame, avertically-movable frame guided in said main frame and carrying arotatable die-roller, a movable crosshead also guided in said main frameabove the vertically-movable frame and adapted to be detachablyconnected thereto, the feedscrews operating in bearings in the mainframe, a rotatable shaft journaled on the cross-head, and worm-screwsfixed on said shaft and adapted to engage the feed-screws to adjust themovable crosshead, substantially as specified. I

2. In an embossing-machine, the combination, with a main frame and avertically-movable frame operating therein and carrying a rotatabledie-roller, of a yielding pressure mechanism connected with said movableframe and operating to permit said frame and the die-roller to movefreelyboth up and down in the main frame, the sliding crosshead guidedin said main frame and adapted to be detachably connected to theverticallyniovable frame, the feed-screws operating in bearings in themain frame and connected to the sliding cross-head to move the latterand die-carrying frame with a positive motion, and an operating-shaftfor rotating the feedscrews, for the purpose described, substantially asset forth. v

3. In an embossing-machine, the combination of a main frame, thevertically-movable frame guided in said main frame and carrying arotatable die-roller, the yielding pressure-lever, the rock-shaft.connected to said pressure-lever and geared to the movable frame, thesliding cross-head guided within the main frame and adapted to bedetachably connected to the verticallymovable frame, the feed-screwsoperating in bearings in the main frame and stepped in the slidingcross-head, the operating-shaft geared to the feed-screws, and thedrop-weight supported on the main frame and connected to thevertically-movable frame, substantially as specilied.

4. In an embossing machine, the combination of a main frame, a balancedverticallymovable frame carrying a die-roller and provided with theracks, the rock-shaft having the gear-segments which mesh with saidracks, the yielding pressure-lever, and the lever adjustably connectedto the rock-shaft and linked to the pressure-lever, substantially asdescribed.

5. In an embossing-machine, the lower bearing-rollers or dies suitablyjournaled in a frame, in combination with a sliding bed operatingbeneath said lower bearing-rollers or dies and geared thereto, for thepurpose described, substantially as set forth.

6. In an embossing-machine, the combinat1on, w1th an upper die-roller,of the lower bearing-rollers or dies and a sliding bed below said diesand geared together, substantially as specified.

'7. In an embossing-machine, the combination, with an upper die-rollerand a sliding bed, of the removable lower bearing-rollers or d esarranged in a plane between the upper 3181-10116? and the bed,substantially as speci- 8. In an embossing-machine, the combina tion ofthe upper die-roller, means for rotating the same, a positively-fed bedoperating beneath the die-roller, and the lower bearingrollers arrangedbetween the bed and dieroller and geared to the bed, substantially asdescribed.

I 9. In an embossing-machine, the combina tion of a rotatable upperdie-roller, the main feed-roller adapted to be positively driven, thesliding bed guided in a suitable frame and geared to the mainfeed-roller, and the lower bearing-rollers or dies arranged between thebed and die-roller and geared to the bed, substantially as described.

10. In an embossing-machine, the combination of a di e-roller, a mainfeed-roller, the shaft geared to said main feed-roller, the verticalshaft, the vertical sleeve fitted on the vertical shaft and geared tothe feed-roller-driving shaft, the lever connected to said verticalsleeve for adjusting the same to disengage the vertical shaft from thefeed-rollerdriving shaft, and gearing intermediate of the rollershaftand the vertical shaft, substantially as described.

11. In an embossing-machine, the combination of an upper die-roller, amain feed-roller, counter-shaft, the clutches keyed thereon, a lever formoving the clutches, the gear-wheels meshing with the main feed-rollerand adapted to be clutched to the counter-shaft, the vertical shaft, theadjustable sleeve fitted on said vertical shaft and having the gears,the driving-pinion geared to the counter-shaft and adapted to mesh withone ofthe gears on the adjustable sleeve, a lever"connected to saidsleeve, and gearing intermediate of the dieroller and vertical shaft,substantially as described.

12. In an embossing-machine, the combination of an upper die-roller, thevertical shaft adapted to be positively rotated and carrying abevel-gear near its upper end, the horizontal sleeve or shaft fittedloosely on a suitable stud and geared to the bevel-gear on the verticalshaft, and the intermediate gear meshing with a pinion on the horizontalsleeve and with the die-roller shaft, substantially as specified.

13. In an embossing-machine, the combination of a main frame, thevertically-movable frame, a die-roller journaled in said movable frame,the vertical shaft adapted to be positively driven by the drivingmechanism of the machine, the bevel-gears feathered on the upper end ofsaid vertical shaft, the horizontal sleeve or shaft fitted loosely on astud and geared to said bevel-gear on the vertical shaft, theverticalrod or bar guided in apivotedblock and having the stops, theshort pin or stud carried by said vertical bar, and the intermediategear on said pin or stud and geared to the horizontal sleeve and thediea-oller, substantially as described.

14. In an embossing-machine, the combination of a die-roller, a slidingbed operating beneath the same, the power-shaft geared throughintermediate shafting with said bed, and a wheel or disk also geared tothe powershaft and linked to the sliding bed, substantially asdescribed.

15. In an embossingmachine, the combination of a main frame having afixed bed, an. upper die-roller, a reciprocating bed supported andguided on the fixed bed, and the bearing-rollers intermediate of thesliding bed and die-roller and constituting a rollerbed for rotating thework, substantially as described.

16. In an embossing-machine, the combination, with a sliding bed and adie-roller, of the lower bearing-rollers and the fixed work retainers orguides, substantially as specified.

17. In an embossing-machine, the combination, with a die-roller and thesliding bed, of the lower bearing-rollers arranged between the bed anddie-rollers, and the slotted work retainers or holders fixed to theprimary bed outside of, the sliding bed and arranged between thebearing-rollers, substantially as described.

18. In an embossing-machine, the combina tion, with the die-roller, ofthe lower bearing rollers, the sliding bed 'below said bearingrollers,and the false bed fixed to said sliding bed, substantially as specified.

19. In an embossing-machine, the combination of an upper die-roller, themain. feedroller, the counter-shaft geared to said feedroller, thevertical shaft geared to the dieroller and to the counter-shaft, thedrivingshaft geared to said counter-shaft and hearing the fast and loosepulleys, the power-shaft having the pulley, the belts passing over thepulleys on the driving-shaft and the powershaft, the shifting-armsadapted to impinge against said belts and carried by a rock-shaft, andan operating-shaft linked to said rockshaft, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FREDERICK II. IIAW'KINS.

Witnesses:

H. A. ADAMS, M. L. Foo'rn.

